Immunology and Multiple Sclerosis

Added March 2007

• Brain damage as detected by magnetization transfer imaging is less pronounced in benign than in early relapsing multiple sclerosis
• The pathology of multiple sclerosis is the result of focal inflammatory demyelination with axonal damage
• Inflammatory demyelination is not central to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
• Accumulation of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: From epidemiology to treatment
• The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a paradigm shift
• Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: A Misleading Model of Multiple Sclerosis
• IL-23 Is Increased in Dendritic Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Down-Regulation of IL-23 by Antisense Oligos Increases Dendritic Cell IL-10 Production
• Changes observed in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance imaging reflect a focal pathology distributed along axonal pathways
• B Lineage Cells in the Inflammatory Central Nervous System Environment: Migration, Maintenance, Local Antibody Production, and Therapeutic Modulation
• Oligodendrocyte/myelin injury and repair as a function of the central nervous system environment
• Pathogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies recognize glycosylated epitopes and perturb oligodendrocyte physiology
• The role of stress-response systems for the pathogenesis and progression of MS
• Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: A Misleading Model of Multiple Sclerosis
• NMDA receptors mediate calcium accumulation in myelin during chemical ischaemia
• Sorting the wheat from the chaff: identifying demyelinating components of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific autoantibody repertoire
• Insights Into the Molecular Pathogenesis of Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
• IL-6 induces regionally selective spinal cord injury in patients with the neuroinflammatory disorder transverse myelitis
• Purely systemically active anti-inflammatory treatments are adequate to control multiple sclerosis
• How to Successfully Apply Animal Studies in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis to Research on Multiple Sclerosis
• Multiple Sclerosis — The Plaque and Its Pathogenesis
• Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis
• Heterogeneity of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Demyelination
• Neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis: Evidence for autoimmune dysregulation, not simple autoimmune reaction
• Early cellular events in multiple sclerosis Intimations of an extrinsic myelinolytic antigen
• Epitope recognition on the myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein differentially influences disease phenotype and antibody effector functions in autoimmune demyelination
• MRI evidence for multiple sclerosis as a diffuse disease of the central nervous system

Added November 2005

• Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces regulatory dendritic cells with therapeutic effects on autoimmune disorders
• Characterizing the Mechanisms of Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
• Immunohistopathology to guide multiple sclerosis treatment
• Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to therapeutic plasma exchange
• Cutting Edge: IL-12 Induces CD4⁺CD25⁺ T Cell Activation in the Presence of T Regulatory Cells
• Macrophages and neurodegeneration
• The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis
• Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
• Nitric Oxide and Multiple Sclerosis
• Thymic output generates a new and diverse TCR repertoire after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis patients
• Immunology of multiple sclerosis
• Leptin increase in multiple sclerosis associates with reduced number of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells
• Antibodies against glycosylated native MOG are elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis
• Is Multiple Sclerosis an Autoimmune Disorder?
• Multiple Sclerosis Is an Inflammatory T-Cell–Mediated Autoimmune Disease
• Multiple Sclerosis Is Not an Autoimmune Disease
• The initiation of the autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis
• Development of biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
• The regulatory role of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis
• Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in multiple sclerosis
• Similar low frequency of anti-MOG IgG and IgM in MS patients and healthy subjects
• Loss of Functional Suppression by CD4⁺CD25⁺ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
• Relapsing and Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Pathology of the Newly Forming Lesion
• Expansion and Functional Relevance of High-Avidity Myelin-Specific CD4⁺ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
• Multiple Sclerosis as a By-Product of the Failure to Sustain Protective Autoimmunity: A Paradigm Shift
• The CD4–Th1 model for multiple sclerosis: a crucial re-appraisal
• Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis-like Disease
• Distortion of the Self-Reactive IgG Antibody Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis as a New Diagnostic Tool
• Therapeutic potential of dietary phase 2 enzyme inducers in ameliorating diseases that have an underlying inflammatory component
• Redox Regulation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B: Therapeutic Potential for Attenuating Inflammatory Responses
• Molecular pathogenesis of neuroinflammation
• Involvement of both ‘allergic’ and ‘autoimmune’ mechanisms in EAE, MS and other autoimmune diseases
• The voltage-gated Kv1.3 K⁺ channel in effector memory T cells as new target for MS
• Do Myelin-Directed Antibodies Predict Multiple Sclerosis?
• Antimyelin Antibodies as a Predictor of Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis after a First Demyelinating Event
• IL-12, TNF-α, and Hormonal Changes during Late Pregnancy and Early Postpartum: Implications for Autoimmune Disease Activity during These Times
• Thalamic neurodegeneration in relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis
• Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of MS
• Microglia as Liaisons Between the Immune and Central Nervous Systems: Functional Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
• The pathogenesis of MS revisited
• Plasmid DNA Encoding IFN-γ-Inducible Protein 10 Redirects Antigen-Specific T Cell Polarization and Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
• Cutting Edge: CD4⁺CD25⁺ Regulatory T Cells Suppress Antigen-Specific Autoreactive Immune Responses and Central Nervous System Inflammation During Active Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
• Immunological Memory: Contribution of Memory B Cells Expressing Costimulatory Molecules in the Resting State
• Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: an update on immunology
• Immunology for the Rest of Us (Lay article from MS Society)
• Type I Diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis Patients Target Islet Plus Central Nervous System Autoantigens; Nonimmunized Nonobese Diabetic Mice Can Develop Autoimmune Encephalitis