Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis

Added March 2009

• Novel insights in the immune function of the vitamin D system: Synergism with interferon-beta
• Assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ concentrations in male and female multiple sclerosis patients and control volunteers
• Vitamin D status modulates the immune response to Epstein Barr virus: Synergistic effect of risk factors in multiple sclerosis
• Insufficient sunshine as a cause of multiple sclerosis: evidence for the correlation
• The Role of Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis
• Outdoor activities and diet in childhood and adolescence relate to MS risk above the Arctic Circle
• Multiple sclerosis: the environment and causation
• Vitamin D and its role in immunology: Multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease
• Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
• D-Hormone and the immune system
• Vitamin D supplementation improves cytokine profiles in patients with congestive heart failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
• Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia
• A timing-of-birth effect on multiple sclerosis clinical phenotype
• IL-10 Signaling Is Essential for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃-Mediated Inhibition of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
• Studies of associations between disability in multiple sclerosis, skin type, gender and ultraviolet radiation
• A longitudinal study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact PTH levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis
• Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters brain protein expression in the adult rat: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
• Childhood sun exposure influences risk of multiple sclerosis in monozygotic twins
• Regional variations in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in French farmers
• Observational analytic studies in multiple sclerosis: controlling bias through study design and conduct. The Australian Multicentre Study of Environment and Immune Function
• Safety of vitamin D₃ in adults with multiple sclerosis

Added March 2007

• Why we should offer routine vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and childhood to prevent multiple sclerosis
• 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a potent suppressor of interferon-γ mediated macrophage activation
• Vitamin D and Autoimmune Disease— Implications for Practice from the Multiple Sclerosis Literature
• Multiple Sclerosis: Decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D
• Antioxidative Effect of Vitamin D3 on Zinc-Induced Oxidative Stress in CNS
• UVR, Vitamin D and Three Autoimmune Diseases—Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis

Added November

• Vitamin D₃ Confers Protection from Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Only in Female Mice
• A pilot study of oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃) for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
• Allelic variation in the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with multiple sclerosis in an Australian population
• Seasonal fluctuation of multiple sclerosis births in Sardinia
• UVR, Vitamin D and Three Autoimmune Diseases – Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis
• 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in serum at the onset of multiple sclerosis
• Converting relapsing remitting to secondary progressive experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by ultraviolet B irradiation
• Mounting Evidence for Vitamin D as an Environmental Factor Affecting Autoimmune Disease Prevalence
• Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, and the immune system
• Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: population based study
• Seasonal variations in exacerbations and MRI parameters in relapsing-remitting MS
• Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis
• Gene expression analysis suggests that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ reverses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by stimulating inflammatory cell apoptosis
• Susceptibility and outcome in MS Associations with polymorphisms in pigmentation-related genes
• Multiple sclerosis and vitamin D: an update
• Vitamin D Supplementation in the Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis
• The Targets of Vitamin D Depend on the Differentiation and Activation Status of CD4 Positive T Cells
• Skin cancer in people with multiple sclerosis: a record linkage study
• Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis
• Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study
• 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ - a hormone with immunomodulatory properties
• Ecologic analysis of some immune-related disorders, including Type 1 Diabetes, in Australia: Latitude, regional ultraviolet radiation, and disease prevalence
• The immunological functions of the vitamin D endocrine system
• Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rat by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ leads to early effects within the central nervous system
• Cytokine Profile in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Following Vitamin D Supplementation
• Interleukin-2 is one of the targets of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ in the immune system
• 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of MS
• Regional variation in MS prevalence in Australia and its association with ambient ultraviolet light
• Seasonal variation in immune measurements and MRI markers of disease activity in MS
• New clues about vitamin D functions in the nervous system
• Vitamin D and Seasonal Fluctuations of Gadolinium-Enhancing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis
• Rag-1-dependent cells are necessary for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
• Effects of Seasons on Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Measured Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
• Vitamin D: a Natural Inhibitor of Multiple Sclerosis
• Seasonal patterns in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis
• Mortality from multiple sclerosis and exposure to residential and occupational solar radiation: a case-control study based on death certificates
• Sunlight, Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis